Leader of the Opposition (British Columbia)
| Leader of the Opposition of British Columbia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Style | The Honorable |
| Member of | Legislative Assembly |
| Seat | British Columbia Parliament Buildings |
| Inaugural holder | James Mackenzie McDonald |
| Formation | November 7, 1871[1] |
| Salary | CA$119,532.75 (2024)[2] |
The leader of the Opposition (French: chef de l'Opposition) in British Columbia is the member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia who leads the political party recognized as the Official Opposition. This position generally goes to the leader of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly that is not in government.
History
[edit]Prior to the 1903 election, British Columbia politics operated as a non-partisan democracy. Members often declared themselves to be supporters of the government or of the opposition, but the labels were informal and the lines often shifted. The most prominent member of the Opposition was often called the "leader of the Opposition", but the position was not officially recognized until the introduction of formalized party politics.[3][4]
List of leaders of the Opposition
[edit]| Portrait | Name[3] Electoral district (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Mackenzie McDonald | 1871–1874 | Conservative | ||
| Robert Beaven | 1874-1878 | Conservative | ||
| Vacant | 1878-1879 | |||
| Henry Herbert Stevens | 1879-1882 | Conservative | ||
| Robert Beaven | 1882 | Conservative | ||
| William Smithe | 1882-1886 | Liberal | ||
| Thomas Robert McInnes | 1886-1891 | Conservative | ||
| John Robinson | 1891-1898 | Conservative | ||
| Sir Richard McBride | 1898-1903 | Conservative | ||
| William John Bowser | 1903-1907 | Liberal | ||
| Frank Oliver | 1907-1911 | Conservative | ||
| Sir Richard McBride | 1911-1912 | Conservative | ||
| William John Bowser | 1912-1915 | Liberal | ||
| Sir Richard McBride | 1915-1917 | Conservative | ||
| Albert Edward McPhillips | 1917-1920 | Conservative | ||
| Henry Esson Young | 1920-1924 | Conservative | ||
| William John Bowser | 1924-1927 | Conservative | ||
| Herbert Anscomb | 1927-1928 | Conservative | ||
| Frank Oliver | 1928-1933 | Liberal | ||
| William John McDonald | 1933-1937 | Liberal | ||
| John Hart | 1937-1941 | Liberal | ||
| W.A.C. Bennett | 1941-1947 | Social Credit | ||
| Clarence F. Johnson | 1947-1952 | Liberal | ||
| Russell C. W. Fraser | 1952-1955 | Liberal | ||
| Thomas G. Campbell | 1955-1959 | Liberal | ||
| Leslie R. Peterson | 1959-1961 | Liberal | ||
| Bert MacDonald | 1961-1964 | Liberal | ||
| Robert Strachan | 1964-1968 | Liberal | ||
| Gordon Gibson Sr. | 1968-1972 | Liberal | ||
| James Alexander MacDonald MLA for Rossland City (1858–1939) |
1903–1909 | Liberal | ||
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|
John Oliver[a] (1856–1927) |
1909–1910 | Liberal | |
|
James Hurst Hawthornthwaite[b] MLA for Nanaimo City (1863–1926) |
1910 | Socialist | |
|
Harlan Carey Brewster[b] MLA for Alberni (1870–1918) |
1911–1912 | Liberal | |
| Parker Williams[c] MLA for Newcastle (1872–1958) |
1913–1915 | Socialist | ||
|
|
Harlan Carey Brewster[d] MLA for Victoria City (1870–1918) |
1916 | Liberal | |
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|
William John Bowser MLA for Vancouver City (1867–1933) |
1917–1923 | Conservative | |
|
Robert Henry Pooley[e] MLA for Esquimalt (1878–1954) |
1924–1928 | Conservative | |
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|
Duff Pattullo MLA for Prince Rupert (1873–1956) |
1929–1933 | Liberal | |
| Robert Connell MLA for Victoria City (1871–1957) |
1933–1937 | Co-operative Commonwealth | ||
| Social Reconstructive[f] | ||||
| Frank Porter Patterson MLA for Dewdney (1876–1938) |
1937–1938 | Conservative | ||
|
Royal Maitland MLA for Vancouver-Point Grey (1889–1946) |
1938–1940 | Conservative | |
| Harold Winch MLA for Vancouver East (1907–1993) |
1941–1951 | Co-operative Commonwealth | ||
| Herbert Anscomb[g] MLA for Oak Bay (1892–1972) |
1952 | Progressive Conservative | ||
| Harold Winch MLA for Vancouver East (1907–1993) |
1953 | Co-operative Commonwealth | ||
| Arnold Webster MLA for Vancouver East (1899–1979) |
1953–1956 | Co-operative Commonwealth | ||
| Robert Strachan[h] MLA for Cowichan-Newcastle (until 1966) MLA for Cowichan-Malahat (from 1966) (1913–1981) |
1957–1969 | Co-operative Commonwealth | ||
| New Democratic | ||||
| Thomas R. Berger[a] (1933–2021) |
1969–1970 | New Democratic | ||
| Dave Barrett MLA for Coquitlam (1930–2018) |
1970–1972 | New Democratic | ||
| W. A. C. Bennett MLA for South Okanagan (1900–1979) |
1972–1973 | Social Credit | ||
| Frank Richter Jr. MLA for Boundary-Similkameen (1910–1977) |
1973 | Social Credit | ||
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|
Bill Bennett MLA for South Okanagan (1932–2015) |
1974–1975 | Social Credit | |
| William King[i] MLA for Revelstoke-Slocan (1930–2020) |
1976 | New Democratic | ||
| Dave Barrett MLA for Vancouver East (1930–2018) |
1976–1984 | New Democratic | ||
| Bob Skelly MLA for Alberni (1943–2022) |
1984–1987 | New Democratic | ||
|
Mike Harcourt MLA for Vancouver Centre (born 1943) |
1987–1991 | New Democratic | |
| Gordon Wilson MLA for Powell River-Sunshine Coast (born 1949) |
1991–1993 | Liberal | ||
| Fred Gingell MLA for Delta South (1930–1999) |
1993–1994 | Liberal | ||
|
Gordon Campbell MLA for Vancouver-Quilchena (until 1996) MLA for Vancouver-Point Grey (from 1996) (born 1948) |
1994–2001 | Liberal | |
| Joy MacPhail[j] MLA for Vancouver-Hastings (born 1952) |
2001–2005 | New Democratic | ||
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|
Carole James MLA for Victoria-Beacon Hill (born 1957) |
2005–2011 | New Democratic | |
|
Dawn Black MLA for New Westminster (born 1943) |
2011 | New Democratic | |
|
Adrian Dix MLA for Vancouver-Kingsway (born 1964) |
2011–2014 | New Democratic | |
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|
John Horgan MLA for Juan de Fuca (1959-2024) |
2014–2017 | New Democratic | |
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|
Christy Clark MLA for Kelowna West (born 1965) |
2017 | Liberal | |
|
Rich Coleman MLA for Langley East (born 1956) |
2017–2018 | Liberal | |
|
Andrew Wilkinson MLA for Vancouver-Quilchena (born 1958) |
2018–2020 | Liberal | |
|
Shirley Bond MLA for Prince George-Valemount (born 1956 or 1957) |
2020–2022 | Liberal | |
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|
Kevin Falcon MLA for Vancouver-Quilchena (born 1963) |
2022–2024 | Liberal | |
| United[k] | ||||
|
|
John Rustad MLA for Nechako Lakes (born 1961) |
(2024–present) | Conservative | |
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Did not sit in the Legislature as leader of the Official Opposition
- ^ a b The 1909 election saw four opposition members, two Liberals and two Socialists, elected. As seats were assigned by alphabetical order, Hawthornthwaite physically occupied the seat typical of the Opposition leader. Hawthornthwaite initially rejected the idea of being leader, but was later reported to have "assumed the functions of Opposition leader". However, by the next session, Brewster was being referred to as Opposition leader.[5]
- ^ Declined to be named Opposition leader, but was referred to as such by the media and received the appropriate salary.[5]
- ^ Became Opposition leader mid-legislature after by-election victories.[5]
- ^ After party leader William John Bowser lost his seat in the 1924 election, house leader Robert Henry Pooley became leader of the Opposition. In 1926 Simon Fraser Tolmie was elected Conservative leader but he did not seek a seat in the legislature until the 1928 provincial election, which his party won.
- ^ Connell was exeplled from the CCF in 1936 for opposing party policy. He and three other CCF MLAs formed the "Social Reconstructive" party. With a total of 4 MLAs compared to 3 remaining in the CCF, Connell's new party was the second largest in the legislature allowing him to retain the title of "leader of the Official Opposition".
- ^ Anscomb's Conservatives had been part of a coalition government with the Liberals until late 1951 when the Liberals decided to terminate the arrangement and Premier John Hart dropped his Conservative ministers from Cabinet. The Tories moved to the opposition benches and displaced the CCF to form the Official Opposition from February 1952 until the June 1952 provincial election.
- ^ The CCF became the NDP in 1961 as a result of the creation of the federal New Democratic Party.
- ^ Barrett lost his seat in the December 1975 general election and re-entered the legislature through a June 1976 by-election. William Stewart King acted as leader of the Opposition in the house in the interim. Barrett continued as leader of the party during this period.
- ^ Although Gordon Campbell refused to recognize the NDP as an official party since it lacked the number of seats required for official party status, the Speaker recognized MacPhail as Opposition leader and ensured the NDP received the resources and funding due to the party's status as the Official Opposition.
- ^ The BC Liberal Party changed its name to BC United on April 12, 2023.
References
[edit]- ^ "BC Archives".
- ^ "MLA Remuneration and Expenses | Legislative Assembly of BC". www.leg.bc.ca.
- ^ a b "Leaders of the Official Opposition of British Columbia" (PDF). Legislative Library of British Columbia. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Electoral History of British Columbia 1871–1986" (PDF). Legislative Library of British Columbia. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ a b c "Leaders of the Opposition in British Columbia 1903-" (PDF). Legislative Library of British Columbia. 25 January 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
